NBN EN 1976:2012

This European Standard specifies the composition and physical properties of cast unwrought copper products (refinery shapes) in thirteen grades of copper and nine silver-bearing copper grades. The refinery shapes included are horizontally, vertically and continuously cast wire bars, cakes, billets and ingots. Wire bars, cakes and billets are intended for fabricating into wrought products; ingots are intended for alloying in wrought and cast copper alloys.
A table indicating the refinery shapes in which each copper grade is normally available is given in Annex A. Annex B gives information on the relationships between electrical resistivity and conductivity of copper.